The Infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shrimp and Human
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30649/obj.v1i1.6Keywords:
V. parahaemolyticus, zoonotic, gastroenteritis, Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND), Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS)Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an aquatic zoonotic agent that can threaten human
and aquaculture animal health. Humans can be infected by consuming contaminated
raw seafood or wound-related infections. Generally infection of V. parahemolyticus is
orally transmitted and causes gastroenteritis in humans while in aquaculture animals
especially shrimp can cause Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) or
Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) with a very high mortality rate and cause economic
losses. Shrimp species susceptible to infection are Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus
monodon, and P. chinensis. V. parahaemolyticus produces several toxins in human
disease such as thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), TDH-related haemolysin (TRH),
and thermolabile hemolysin (TLH). Meanwhile, Photorabdus insect-related (Pir) toxins
consisting of PirAvp and PirBvp are the toxins associated with AHPND in shrimp. The
genes that encode the toxin are used as targets to diagnose V. parahaemolyticus
pathogens molecularly. Until now the treatment of V. parahaemolyticus infection is
using antibiotics and fluid therapy, but there were V. parahaemolyticus isolates from
aquaculture that have been resistant to antibiotics so that the use of antibiotics in
aquaculture must be controlled and the use of alternative therapy are very important to
be developed to control V. parahaemolyticus infection.
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