KEGAWATAN PADA REAKSI TRANSFUSI

Hendrata Erry Andisari

doi:10.30649/obj.v4i2.15

Authors

Hendrata Erry Andisari Universitas Hang Tuah

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30649/obj.v4i2.15

Keywords:

transfusi, reaksi, gawat darurat

Abstract

Reaksi tranfusi dapat dibedakan antara yang dimediasi imun dan tidak dimediasi imun. Keduanya dapat terjadi segera maupun reaksinya bisa lambat. Reaksi tranfusi yang dimediasi imun biasanya terjadi akibat aloantibodi setelah terekspose dengan antigen asing seperti kehamilan, tranfusi atau transplantasi. Kontaminan leukosit dapat menyebabkan aloimmunisasi, transmisi dari penyakit menular, TRALI dan imunomodulasi. Dengan pelatihan yang tepat untuk mengenali tanda dan gejala reaksi transfusi, komplikasi yang muncul akibat transfusi dapat dihindari. Diketahuinya penyebab sebagian besar reaksi transfusi bersifat klerikal sehingga dilakukan usaha untuk mencegah kesalahan klerikal sepanjang proses transfusi. Eksklusi kontaminan leukosit dari darah dan produk darah dapat mengurangi insiden FNHTR, aloimunisasi, dan imunosupresi. Filtrasi darah dan produk darah sebelum penyimpanan dapat menjadi cara yang efektif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut terkait kontaminasi leukosit. Jika protokol transfusi yang tepat serta prosedur operasional standar diikuti, maka insiden reaksi transfusi dapat sangat menurun.

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